Colloidal quantum dots (QDs) are extremely promising for show applied sciences on account of their distinctive optical traits, corresponding to tunable emission wavelengths, slim emission spectra, and excellent photoluminescence quantum yields. Over the past decade, each educational and industrial analysis have considerably superior quantum dot light-emitting diode (QLED) expertise, primarily by means of the event of higher-quality QDs and extra refined machine buildings. A key ingredient of those developments contains progress within the electron transport layer (ETL) expertise, with steel oxide (MO) nanoparticles (NPs) like ZnO and ZnMgO rising as superior decisions on account of their sturdy efficiency. However, scalability challenges, corresponding to particle agglomeration and optimistic getting older, have prompted analysis into natural semiconductors that match the efficiency of MO NPs. This evaluation goals to offer an in depth examination and complete understanding of current advances and challenges in ETLs primarily based on each MO NPs and natural semiconductors, guiding future commercialization efforts for QLEDs.
